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Author: Zhang Jiawen
Recently, ARK Invest and its founder-Catherine Wood (Catherine Wood) have become the focus of market attention.
Catherine Wood founded ARK six years ago. The company manages five active ETFs and two passive ETFs. With the outstanding investment performance of the ARK Fund and Wood’s unique insights into technology companies, she is known as the technology female stock god in the industry.
Since 2020, the five active ETFs of ARK have all exceeded 100%, while the S&P 500 index has only 14.65% during the same period. Among them, the Genome Revolution ETF (ARKG) earned 207.58%, and the Innovation Electronic Trust Fund (ARKK) and Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW) earned more than 160%. The ARK Fund’s heavyweight Tesla has a year-to-date gain of 690.97%.
Wood was interviewed by Investor’s Business Daily at the beginning of this year to exchange views on ARK’s investment philosophy and research methods, the situation of various funds, and the reasons for the strong performance of which stocks they hold. She said that although the indexation and valuation of the private equity industry have risen sharply after the 2008 financial crisis, the research, investment, and value of innovative listed companies have still not received sufficient attention.
ARK discovers and evaluates innovative companies in the growth stage through the “open research ecosystem”, so that ordinary investors can obtain the best possible income from innovative companies by holding these ETFs. When seeing a certain innovation platform being “badly treated” because people do not understand what is happening, ARK tends to increase its weight in the investment portfolio. ARK’s strategy performs better in the “high risk appetite” market.
ARK focuses on disruptive innovation
ARK invests in disruptive development areas such as autonomous transportation, robotics and artificial intelligence, 3D printing, space exploration, genomics, blockchain, cloud computing, e-commerce and financial technology. ARK has pushed its research to social media and has gained recognition in the fields of blockchain, artificial intelligence, genomics and energy storage.
IBD: What are the prerequisites for you to start a company and launch an existing ETF?
Wood: The purpose of my founding ARK is to focus on disruptive and innovative companies in the public equity market, and to add new dimensions to research. Innovation usually provides long-term growth opportunities. But with the gradual shift of funds to passive and exponential investment, and a large amount of inflows into the private market, I think the public market has already seen vacancies in research and portfolio management. ARK focuses on listed companies and aims to fill this gap by investing in the most innovative companies. We believe these companies will bring long-term growth in the next 5 to 10 years.
IBD: How is your company and fund different from other funds that invest in disruptive businesses?
Wood: ARK focuses on long-term disruptive innovation, a proprietary open research ecosystem, and proactive management, which sets us apart from other products.
ARK’s open research ecosystem strives to take full advantage of rapid changes through open methods and convergence of insights. The combination of top-down and bottom-up research allows us to evaluate investment opportunities for disruptive innovation, and then identify and evaluate the companies most capable of benefiting. The open research ecosystem includes leaders in their respective fields, social media interactions, and insights gained by people responding to ARK’s public research through the Internet.
IBD: ARK’s active ETF tries to make the most of the innovation curve: how effective is this work, and when do you buy and sell stocks?
Wood: ARK recognizes that true disruptive innovation is achieved through technology, which will cause rapid cost reduction, rapid growth of demand, cross industries and regions and spawn further innovations, thereby stimulating growth in a longer time frame.
ARK believes that the best way to predict the decline in technology costs is not to predict cost as a function of time, but to consider output.
ARK will reduce or increase its position in the following situations: (1) take advantage of opportunities created by short-term negative market actions or market sentiment; (2) provide liquidity for companies that ARK is relatively more confident in; or (3) believe that ARK’s share price has been Invest in companies that are undervalued by the market.
IBD: After a difficult 2018, most ARK funds performed well in 2019: What has changed in this, and do you think this strong performance will continue into 2020?
Wood: In the “high risk appetite” market, ARK’s strategy should perform better. Rising volatility is good for us. Investors are beginning to realize that many companies’ fundamentals are misunderstood and hope to find the leader in a passive index, rather than the company with the largest market capitalization. The companies that ARK invests in are usually not an important part of the large-cap index.
ARK’s strategy generally performs poorly in a “low risk appetite” market. Part of the reason this happens is that other investors and advisors tend to return to the benchmark company at this time, which ARK usually does not do.
IBD: The ARK Genome Revolution ETF (ARKG) is one of the top ten industry ETFs with a return of 44% in 2019: what made it?
Wood: In the year when the healthcare field lags far behind the market, we are very proud of the performance of the Genome Revolution Fund outperforming the market.
I think the reason behind this is that investors are beginning to realize that certain companies in our portfolio are actually curing diseases.
Invitae (NVTA) (up 46% in 2019) is a molecular diagnostic testing company that is actively reducing test prices in order to increase access.
Genome Revolution ETF holds CRISPR medical
CRISPR Therapeutics (CRSP) is one of the top medical companies (up 113% last year). They have just published the results of their studies in human trials for the first time. Because CRISPR edited genes that have mutated and caused problems, two people’s blood diseases have been cured.
IBD: ARK Innovation Electronic Trust Fund (ARKK) and Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW) also performed very well, surpassing the S&P 500 index in 2019. What is the driving force behind it?
Wood: They all hold Tesla (TSLA) (26% growth in 2019, including 74% growth in Q4).
In ARKW (up 36% last year), there are two semiconductor manufacturers: Nvidia (NVDA) (up 77%) and AMD (up 148%), these two companies are becoming increasingly important in the field of artificial intelligence . There is also a genetic testing company Veracyte (VCYT) (an increase of 122%). We put it into ARKW because it is in a leading position in artificial intelligence diagnostic testing. Pinduoduo (PDD) (up 69%) is a Chinese e-commerce company, a bit like a combination of Groupon (GRPN), eBay (EBAY) and Amazon (AMZN). It started in rural areas, but achieved amazing success in urban areas.
IBD: Several funds invested by ARK, such as ARKK, ARKW and ARKQ, all hold some similar targets. Do you have any suggestions for investors to choose which fund?
Wood: One of the great benefits of the Innovative Electronic Trust Fund (ARKK) (increased by 35% in 2019) is that when we see that one of our innovation platforms is “badly treated” because people do not understand what is happening, we tend to Increase its weight in the portfolio. ARKK is a combination of all innovative platforms: DNA sequencing, energy storage, robotics, artificial intelligence and blockchain technology. It prefers platforms that we believe are not being treated as they should in the market. It now holds 30% of the weight of the genome platform.
The Next Generation Internet ETF (ARKW) has almost nothing to do with the Genome Revolution ETF (ARKG). ARKW is more involved with software-as-a-service companies (SaaS companies) and cloud computing-all these companies will become better through AI, which is an important part of the innovation portfolio. Tesla is here because the only way it can enter the field of autonomous driving is through AI. We think this may be one of the most important AIs in the world today. You will also see more e-commerce activities in the next generation of the Internet, especially the Internet in China.
Autonomous technology and robotics ETF (ARKQ) is more focused on “Mobility-as-a-Service” (Mobility-as-a-Service), which holds Tesla and the autonomous driving ecosystem, drones, and collaborative robot Teradyne (TER) (Increased by 119%) and Amazon, and a large number of 3D printing and space exploration related companies.
IBD: At the beginning of 2018, you discussed Bitcoin (GBTC) and its significant contribution to ARK Investment Fund’s 2017 performance. Since then, Bitcoin has been struggling. I see that Bitcoin is no longer in ARKK’s holdings, but there is still 1.5% of positions in ARKW. How to explain this difference in investment allocation?
Wood: During the period when the price of Bitcoin went from $250 to $20,000, we have been holding GBTC. When it exceeded 10% of our portfolio, we had to sell it, and at that time we took too much risk of non-compliant income. Therefore, we decided to divest and exit at an appropriate time. We do this for business reasons, not for investment reasons. As trustees, we must protect our investors from the tax consequences of non-compliant income.
We are optimistic about Bitcoin as always, and for this reason we keep it in ARKW and our discretionary account.
IBD: ARK Financial Technology Innovation (ARKF) is your recent addition. What kind of company does it invest in?
Wood: ARKF mainly invests in equity securities of domestic and foreign companies related to financial technology investment themes.
This includes companies that are focused on and are expected to benefit from the transfer of the foundation of financial sector and economic transactions to technology infrastructure platforms and technology intermediaries. They may also include the development, use, or reliance on innovative payment platforms and methods, point-of-sale providers, transaction innovation, business analysis, fraud reduction, frictionless financing platforms, P2P lending, intermediary exchanges, asset allocation technologies, cryptocurrencies, mobile Payment, risk pricing and aggregator companies.
IBD: How often do you readjust your investment portfolio? Is it at a set time interval or is it constantly changing?
Wood: ARK uses its own scoring system to continuously evaluate the company and monitor the underlying investment targets. ARK’s investment team will adjust the stock positions in the portfolio according to the changes in scores. ARK believes that its consistent investment process and active management of high-trust investment portfolios make full use of the benefits of rapid changes and avoid industries and companies that may be replaced by innovation.
IBD: How do you control the risks in your investment portfolio?
Wood: Thematic portfolios built around disruptive innovation face certain risks. For example, the main risk of ARK’s investment strategy is that we believe that disruptive technologies or disruptive companies that will become future leaders will themselves be disrupted or fail to deliver on their promises.
In order to reduce this risk, ARK uses a portfolio tracker to continuously monitor the companies in its portfolio. The portfolio tracker merges the qualitative and quantitative scores of all stocks in the portfolio from the bottom up. Each portfolio team discusses changes in analyst ratings during the daily morning meeting and Monday stock meeting. Any score that drops below 6 points will trigger discussion.
IBD: Regarding costs, where does ARK stand in this industry? How do you set fees?
Wood: Our expense ratio is 75 basis points. Our competitors are not other ETFs, but active mutual funds. The expense ratio of these companies is usually 75 basis points, but they have another hidden expense of 50 to 75 basis points. And we have no hidden costs.
In addition, in the public stock market, we are closest to venture capital funds, but we are more liquid, tax efficient and transparent. We believe that compared with the private equity market, the innovation of the public equity market is greatly underestimated.